The CO2RE Hub, together with ERM, has published a 2025 report on the cost of greenhouse gas removals (GGR), providing an update to the original ERM report that covered this topic back in 2021.
Four years after the original report, many things have changed in the greenhouse gas removals space. The report sheds light on key field shifts, combining ERM’s research and a set of best practices and considerations put together by CO2RE.
One of the major report takeaways is that GGR cost estimates have increased compared to the basis established by the 2021 report.
The authors observed that this increase is mainly due to the improved data availability within the GGR field and better clarity on previously uncertain factors.
Another notable takeaway is the fact that the transportation and storage of CO2, as well as the monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) efforts, remain the major cost drivers for most GGR methods.
The 2025 GGR costs report takes a more granular approach in reviewing GGR pathways, delving deeper into the different subcategories of the industry’s most prominent methods.
In that regard, it reviews the cost reality for direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS) with both liquid and solid sorbent technology; biochar generated from different feedstocks, such as perennial crops, wood waste, and household waste; and bioenergy and carbon capture and storage (BECCS) for power, as well as energy from waste, along with a new BECCS (FT) category that covers Fischer–Tropsch fuels plant retrofits.
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This diversified approach helped unravel significant price variations between the different methods and subcategories, providing a clearer picture of the current state of costs and enabling improved decision-making.
The cost update analysis, performed by ERM, is coupled with research from CO2RE that underlines the main developments and challenges within the GGR field.
In this regard, the report stresses the need for standardization to unlock GGR pathway cross-comparison, highlighting other crucial factors like the specifics in business model assumptions and the laws and regulations that can pave the way for GGR scale-up.
Read more: CO2RE Launches New Interactive Map For Greenhouse Gas Removal
